The "growth mindset" is the belief that abilities and intelligence can and should be constantly developed through effort, learning, and persistence. It can include consistently analysing failures to draw lessons, engaging in regular self evaluation and feedback from others, and measuring and rewarding growth and improvement.

"Extraterritorial incarceration agreements" refer to the offshoring of prisoners. Used by rich countries with overcrowded prison systems, prisoners are moved to and held in prisons in foreign, typically poorer, countries.

A film canon is a collection of of films that are considered to be the most significant and influential in the history of cinema. Typically, included films are ground breaking or revolutionary, or alternatively they are the quintessential or definitive films in more common genres/styles.

For the purposes of this debate, "EU military independence" is defined as the ability of EU nations to coordinate and execute complex defence and security operations without reliance on the United States for military resources, strategic guidance, operational support, or security guarantees.

Kendrick Lamar is a Pulitzer Prize-winning rapper and lyricist known for blending sharp social commentary with deeply personal storytelling, often exploring themes of race, identity, and resilience. He recently overcame pop superstar Drake in a widely publicised rap battle, beating several streaming records and winning a few Grammys in the process. Kendrick also recently headlined several high visibility shows, putting famous representatives of 100 LA neighbourhoods on one stage at the Pop Out concert on Juneteenth, and performing the Superbowl half time show

Under adoptive monarchy, rulers adopt grown successors into their family and lineage with the expressed intent of making them the new heirs. Often times these are descendants of close friends or family members of the ruler. For example, the first 4 emperors of Rome each inherited the title from their adoptive father.

You are a successful orthodox Jewish professional in 15th century Spain who is given an ultimatum by the Inquisitors - renounce your faith and convert to Catholicism, or flee the country with only the goods you can fit on a wagon.

The Alliance of Sahel States ("AES") is a confederation formed between Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso, which originated as a mutual defense pact created following the 2023 Nigerien crisis, in which the West African political bloc ECOWAS threatened to intervene militarily to restore civilian rule after a coup in Niger earlier that year. All three member states have since seceded from ECOWAS and are currently under the control of juntas following a string of successful coups. The AES was established on 6 July 2024, with the stated goals to pool resources to build energy and communications infrastructure, establish a common market, implement a monetary union under proposed currency, allow free movement of persons, and enable industrialization and investment, with the end goal of federalizing into a single sovereign state. The AES has already implemented common passports and a common custom duty, and is currently developing a joint military and counter terrorism force, central bank, and parliament.

In Christianity, the Holy Spirit is the third entity of the Trinity, alongside God and Jesus. The Holy Spirit is not personified in a visual or narrative way, and instead is often depicted as a force or inner presence such as wind or breath, with believers seeking to "live a Spirit-filled and empowered life". The Holy Spirit plays a central role in Christian Mysticism, as it is seen as the divine presence within that allows for personal communication with God and that motivates religious inspiration, fervour and ecstasy.